He momo rauemi pūmua tino pīwariwari te rapa, i raro i te mahi a te kaha iti o waho, ka taea e ia te whakaatu i te taumata teitei o te whakarerekētanga, ā, i muri i te tango atu i te kaha o waho, ka taea e ia te hoki ki tōna āhua taketake. Nā te tino pīwariwari o te rapa, he whānuitia te whakamahinga mō te urunga, te ātete ru, te hiri hihiri, me ētahi atu. Ko te tono i roto i te umanga tā ko ngā momo roera rapa me ngā paraikete tā. I te ahunga whakamua o te umanga rapa, kua whanake ngā hua rapa mai i te whakamahinga kotahi o te rapa taiao ki te whānuitanga o ngā rapa hangai.
1. Rapa tūturu
Ko te nuinga o te rapa māori ko ngā warowaihā rapa (polyisoprene), kei roto he iti noa te pūmua, te wai, ngā waikawa kapia, te huka me ngā tote kore-ora. He nui te ngāwari o te rapa māori, he kaha kume teitei, he ātete haehae me te whakamarumaru hiko pai, he ātete kakahu pai me te ātete tauraki, he pai te tukatuka, he ngāwari te hono o te rapa māori ki ētahi atu rauemi, ā, he pai ake tana mahi whānui i te nuinga o ngā rapa hangai. Ko ngā ngoikoretanga o te rapa māori ko te ātete ngoikore ki te hāora me te ozone, he ngāwari ki te koroheke me te pirau; he ātete ngoikore ki te hinu me ngā whakarewa, he iti te ātete ki te waikawa me te kawakore, he iti te ātete waikura; he iti te ātete wera. Ko te awhe pāmahana whakahaere o te rapa māori: tata ki te -60℃~+80℃. Ka whakamahia te rapa māori hei hanga potae, hu rapa, ngongo, rīpene, paparanga ārai me ngā hipoki waea me ngā taura, me ētahi atu hua whānui. He tino pai te rapa māori mō te hanga i ngā whakakore wiri hurihuri, ngā mimiti ru miihini, ngā tautoko mīhini, ngā huānga whakatārewatanga rapa-whakarewa, ngā takai, me ngā hua whakarewa.
2. SBR
Ko te SBR he copolymer o te butadiene me te styrene. He tata te mahi a te rapa styrene-butadiene ki tērā o te rapa maori, ā, koinei te whakaputanga rapa hangai whānui nui rawa atu i tēnei wā. Ko ngā āhuatanga o te rapa styrene-butadiene ko tōna ātete ki te kakahu, te ātete ki te koroheketanga me te ātete ki te wera he nui ake i te rapa maori, ā, he ōrite ake tōna kakano i te rapa maori. Ko ngā ngoikoretanga o te rapa styrene-butadiene ko: he iti te ngāwari, he iti te ātete ki te piko me te haehae; he ngoikore te mahi tukatuka, inā koa he iti te piri-ā-koe me te iti o te kaha o te rapa matomato. Ko te awhe pāmahana o te rapa styrene-butadiene: tata ki te -50℃~+100℃Ko te rapa styrene butadiene te mea e whakamahia nuitia ana hei whakakapi i te rapa maori hei hanga potae, pepa rapa, ngongo, hu rapa me ētahi atu hua whānui.
3. Rapa nitrile
Ko te rapa nitrile he copolymer o te butadiene me te acrylonitrile. Ko te rapa nitrile he ātete pai ki te penehīni me ngā hinu hauwaiwai aliphatic, tuarua ki te rapa polysulfide, te ester acrylic me te rapa fluorine, ko te rapa nitrile he pai ake i ētahi atu rapa whānui. He ātete wera pai, he pai te piri ki te hau, he ātete kakahu me te wai, me te piri kaha. Ko ngā ngoikoretanga o te rapa nitrile ko te ātete makariri me te ātete ozone, te kaha me te ngāwari iti, te ātete waikawa iti, te whakamarumaru hiko iti, me te ātete ngoikore ki ngā whakarewa polar. Ko te awhe pāmahana o te rapa nitrile: tata ki te -30℃~+100℃Ko te rapa nitrile te mea nui e whakamahia ana mō te hanga i ngā hua ātete-hinu, pērā i ngā ngongo, ngā hua hiri, ngā roera rapa, me ētahi atu.
4. Rapa nitrile hauwai
Ko te rapa nitrile hauwai he copolymer o te butadiene me te acrylonitrile. Ka whiwhihia te rapa nitrile hauwai mā te hauwai katoa, wāhanga rānei i ngā hononga takirua i roto i te butadiene o te NBR. Ko te rapa nitrile hauwai he kaha miihini teitei me te ātete ki te pakū, he pai ake te ātete wera i te NBR ina honoa ki te peroxide, ā, he rite tonu ētahi atu āhuatanga ki te rapa nitrile. Ko te ngoikoretanga o te rapa nitrile hauwai ko tōna utu teitei. Ko te awhe pāmahana o te rapa nitrile hauwai: tata ki te -30℃~+150℃Ko te rapa nitrile hauwaiwai te mea e whakamahia nuitia ana mō ngā hua hiri ātete-hinu me te ātete-pāmahana tiketike.
5. Rapa Ethylene propylene
Ko te rapa Ethylene propylene he copolymer o te ethylene me te propylene, ā, e wehea ana kia rua ngā yuan ethylene propylene rapa me te toru yuan ethylene propylene rapa. Ko te rapa Ethylene-propylene he ātete pai ki te ozone, te ātete ki te ultraviolet, te ātete ki te huarere me te ātete ki te koroheketanga, koia te tuatahi i roto i ngā rapa whānui. He pai te whakamarumaru hiko o te rapa Ethylene-propylene, te ātete ki te matū, te ngāwari ki te pānga, te ātete ki te waikawa me te kawakore, te iti o te taumaha motuhake, ā, ka taea te whakamahi mō te whakakī teitei. Ka taea e te ātete wera te tae ki te 150°C, ā, he ātete ki ngā whakarewa porowhita - ngā ketone, ngā ester, me ētahi atu, engari kāore te rapa ethylene propylene e ātete ki ngā hauwaiwai aliphatic me ngā hauwaiwai kakara. Ko ētahi atu āhuatanga ā-tinana me ā-pūkaha o te rapa ethylene propylene he iti iho i te rapa tūturu, ā, he pai ake i te rapa styrene butadiene. Ko te ngoikoretanga o te rapa ethylene-propylene he ngoikore te piri-ā-koe me te piri tahi, ā, he uaua ki te hono. Ko te awhe pāmahana o te rapa ethylene propylene: tata ki te -50℃~+150℃Ko te rapa ethylene-propylene te nuinga e whakamahia ana hei arai matū mō ngā taputapu, hei hipoki waea me te taura, hei ngongo mamaoa, hei whitiki kawe ātete wera, hei hua rapa motuka me ētahi atu hua ahumahi.
6. Rapa silicone
He rapa motuhake te rapa silicone, kei roto i te mekameka matua ngā ngota silicon me te hāora. He mahi nui tā te huānga silicon i roto i te rapa silicone. Ko ngā āhuatanga matua o te rapa silicone ko te ātete pāmahana teitei (tae atu ki te 300°C) me te ātete pāmahana iti (iti rawa -100°C). Koinei te rapa pai rawa atu e ātete ana ki te pāmahana teitei i tēnei wā; i te wa ano, he pai te ārai hiko o te rapa silicone, ā, he pumau ki te waikura wera me te ozone. He tino ātete, ā, he koretake hoki ki ngā matū. Ko ngā ngoikoretanga o te rapa silicone ko te iti o te kaha miihini, te ngoikore o te ātete hinu, te ātete whakarewa, te ātete waikawa me te kawakore, te uaua ki te whakamomona, me te utu nui ake. Te pāmahana whakahaere o te rapa silicone: -60℃~+200℃Ko te rapa silicone te mea e whakamahia nuitia ana mō te hanga hua e ātete ana ki te pāmahana teitei me te pāmahana iti (ngā ngongo, ngā hiri, me ētahi atu), me te whakamahana waea me te taura e ātete ana ki te pāmahana teitei. Nā te mea kāore he paitini, kāore hoki he reka, ka whakamahia hoki te rapa silicone i roto i ngā ahumahi kai me te hauora.
7. Rapa polyurethane
He elastomer tō te rapa polyurethane i hangaia mā te whakakotahitanga o te polyester (polyether rānei) me ngā matū diisocyanate. He pai te ātete o te rapa polyurethane ki te pakū, koinei te mea pai rawa atu i roto i ngā momo rapa katoa; he kaha teitei te rapa polyurethane, he pai te ngāwari me te ātete hinu pai rawa atu. He pai hoki te rapa polyurethane ki te ātete ki te ozone, te ātete ki te koroheketanga, me te ātete hau. Ko ngā ngoikoretanga o te rapa polyurethane ko te ātete pāmahana ngoikore, te ātete wai me te alkali ngoikore, me te ātete ngoikore ki ngā hauwaiwaro kakara, ngā hauwaiwaro chlorinated, me ngā whakarewa pēnei i te ketones, esters, me ngā waipiro. Ko te awhe pāmahana whakamahinga o te rapa polyurethane: tata ki te -30℃~+80℃E whakamahia ana te rapa polyurethane hei hanga potae e tata ana ki ngā wāhanga, ki ngā gaskets, ki ngā hua ātete ru, ki ngā roera rapa, me ngā hua rapa ātete-kakahu, kaha-teitei, ātete-hinu hoki.
Te wā tuku: Hōngongoi-07-2021
