1. He aha te koroheketanga o te rapa? He aha te mea e whakaatuhia ana i runga i te mata?
I roto i te tukanga tukatuka, rokiroki me te whakamahinga o te rapa me ōna hua, nā te mahi whānui a ngā āhuatanga o roto me waho, ka heke haere ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana, ā-matū me ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o te rapa, ā, ka ngaro te uara whakamahi. Ka kiia tēnei huringa ko te koroheketanga o te rapa. I runga i te mata, ka kitea he ngatata, he piri, he whakapakeke, he ngawari, he kōwhai, he rerekē te tae, me te tupu o te harore.
2. He aha ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te koroheketanga o te rapa?
Ko ngā āhuatanga e whakaroa ana i te rapa:
(a) Ka pāngia te hāora me te hāora i roto i te rapa e te tauhohenga mekameka rauropi kore utu me ngā ngota rapa, ā, ka whati te mekameka ngota, ka nui rawa rānei te hononga whakawhiti, ka hua ake he huringa ki ngā āhuatanga o te rapa. Ko te waikura tētahi o ngā take nui mō te koroheketanga o te rapa.
(b) He nui ake te mahi matū o te ozone me te ozone i tō te hāora, ā, he nui ake te whakangaromanga. Ka pakaru hoki te mekameka ngota, engari ka rerekē te pānga o te ozone ki te rapa i runga i te āhua o te rapa. Ina whakamahia ki te rapa kua pakaru (te nuinga o te rapa kāore i te mākū), ka puta ngā kapiti poutū ki te ahunga o te mahi ahotea, arā, te mea e kiia nei ko te "kapiti ozone"; ina whakamahia ki te rapa kua pakaru, ka hangaia he kiriata waikura ki te mata, kāore e pakaru.
(c) Te Wera: Mā te whakanui ake i te pāmahana ka pakaru te rapa i te wera, ka honoa rānei ki te wera. Engari ko te pānga matua o te wera ko te whakahohenga. Whakapai ake i te tere horapa o te hāora, ā, whakahohehia te tauhohenga waikura, kia tere ake ai te tere tauhohenga waikura o te rapa, he āhuatanga koroheketanga noa tēnei – te koroheketanga hāora wera.
(d) Mārama: Ko te poto ake o te ngaru mārama, ko te nui ake o te pūngao. Ko te kino ki te rapa ko ngā hihi ultraviolet he nui ake te pūngao. Haunga te take tika o te pakaru me te hononga whakawhiti o te mekameka ngota rapa, ka whakaputahia e ngā hihi ultraviolet ngā rauropi kore utu nā te mimiti o te pūngao mārama, e tīmata ana, e tere ake ai te tukanga tauhohenga mekameka waikura. Ko te mahi a te mārama ultraviolet he whakamahana. Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga o te mahi mārama (he rerekē i te mahi wera) ko te nuinga o te wā ka puta i runga i te mata o te rapa. Mō ngā tauira he nui te ihirangi kāpia, ka puta he pakaru whatunga i ngā taha e rua, arā, ko te mea e kiia nei ko ngā "kapiti paparanga o waho whatu".
(e) Te ahotea ā-pūkaha: I raro i te mahi auau o te ahotea ā-pūkaha, ka whati te mekameka ngota rapa hei whakaputa i ngā rauropi kore utu, ka whakaoho i te tauhohenga mekameka waikura me te hanga i tētahi tukanga ā-pūkaha. Ko te tapahi ā-pūkaha o ngā mekameka ngota me te whakahohe ā-pūkaha o ngā tukanga waikura. Ko tēhea te mea whai mana, kei runga i ngā āhuatanga e whakanohoia ana. Hei tāpiri, he ngāwari te pakaru o te ozone i raro i te mahi a te ahotea.
(f) Makuku: E rua ngā āhuatanga o te pānga o te makuku: ka ngawari te pakaru o te rapa ina pāngia e te ua i te hau makuku, ina rumakina rānei ki te wai. Nā te mea ka tangohia, ka rewa hoki ngā matū wairewa-wai me ngā rōpū wai mārama i roto i te rapa e te wai. Nā te waikura, te mimiti rānei i puta mai ai. Ina koa i raro i te mahi tauwhitiwhiti o te rumakina ki te wai me te pānga ki te hau, ka tere ake te whakangaromanga o te rapa. Engari i ētahi wā, kāore te makuku e kino ki te rapa, ā, he pānga anō hoki ki te whakaroa i te koroheketanga.
(g) Ētahi atu: Kei reira ngā matū, ngā iona konganuku uara-rerekē, te irahiko pūngao-nui, te hiko me te koiora, me ētahi atu, e pā ana ki te rapa.
3. He aha ngā momo tikanga whakamātautau mō te koroheketanga o te rapa?
Ka taea te wehewehe ki ngā kāwai e rua:
(a) Tikanga whakamātautau koroheketanga taiao. Kua wehea anō ki te whakamātautau koroheketanga ā-hau, te whakamātautau koroheketanga tere ā-hau, te whakamātautau koroheketanga rokiroki taiao, te rauemi taiao (tae atu ki te whenua tanumia, me ētahi atu) me te whakamātautau koroheketanga koiora.
(b) Tikanga whakamātautau koroheketanga tere horihori. Mō te koroheketanga wera, te koroheketanga ozone, te koroheketanga whakaahua, te koroheketanga āhuarangi horihori, te koroheketanga ozone-whakaahua, te koroheketanga koiora, te koroheketanga irahiko me te hiko teitei-pūngao, me te koroheketanga pāpāho matū.
4. He aha te taumata pāmahana e tika ana kia tīpakohia mō te whakamātautau koroheketanga hau wera mō ngā momo matū rapa?
Mō te rapa māori, ko te pāmahana whakamātautau he 50~100℃ te tikanga, mō te rapa hangai, he 50~150℃ te tikanga, ā, he teitei ake te pāmahana whakamātautau mō ētahi rapa motuhake. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia te rapa nitrile i te 70~150℃, ā, ko te rapa silicone fluorine te tikanga ka whakamahia i te 200~300℃. I roto i te poto, me whakatau kia rite ki te whakamātautau.
Wā tuku: 14-Pepuere-2022
