1. Te rere o te tukanga taketake
I te tere o te whanaketanga o ngā ahumahi hou, inā koa te ahumahi matū, he maha ngā momo hua rapa, engari he rite tonu ngā tukanga whakaputa. Ko te tukanga whakaputa hua i hangaia mai i te rapa totoka whānui (rapa mata) ko:
Te whakarite rauemi mata → te whakakirihou → te whakaranu → te hanga → te whakamomona → te kuti → te tirotiro
2. Te whakarite i ngā rauemi mata
Ko ngā rauemi matua o ngā hua rapa ko te rapa mata, ngā mea whakaranu, ngā rauemi muka, me ngā rauemi whakarewa. I roto i ēnei, ko te rapa mata te rauemi taketake; ko te mea whakaranu he rauemi āwhina e tāpirihia ana hei whakapai ake i ētahi āhuatanga o ngā hua rapa; ko ngā rauemi muka (miro, rinena, huruhuru hipi, ngā momo muka horihori, ngā muka hangai) me ngā rauemi whakarewa (waea maitai, waea parahi) e whakamahia ana hei rauemi anga mō ngā hua rapa hei whakarei ake i te kaha ā-ringa me te whakaiti i te rerekētanga o te hua.
I te wā e whakarite ana i ngā rauemi mata, me paunatia tika ngā kai kia rite ki te tauira. Kia ōrite ai te rapa mata me te mea whakaranu, me tukatuka ētahi rauemi:
1. Te rere o te tukanga taketake
I te tere o te whanaketanga o ngā ahumahi hou, inā koa te ahumahi matū, he maha ngā momo hua rapa, engari he rite tonu ngā tukanga whakaputa. Ko te tukanga whakaputa hua i hangaia mai i te rapa totoka whānui (rapa mata) ko:
Te whakarite rauemi mata → te whakakirihou → te whakaranu → te hanga → te whakamomona → te okioki → te tirotiro
2. Te whakarite i ngā rauemi mata
Ko ngā rauemi matua o ngā hua rapa ko te rapa mata, ngā mea whakaranu, ngā rauemi muka, me ngā rauemi whakarewa. I roto i ēnei, ko te rapa mata te rauemi taketake; ko te mea whakaranu he rauemi āwhina e tāpirihia ana hei whakapai ake i ētahi āhuatanga o ngā hua rapa; ko ngā rauemi muka (miro, rinena, huruhuru hipi, ngā momo muka horihori, ngā muka hangai) me ngā rauemi whakarewa (waea maitai, waea parahi) e whakamahia ana hei rauemi anga mō ngā hua rapa hei whakarei ake i te kaha ā-ringa me te whakaiti i te rerekētanga o te hua.
I te wā e whakarite ana i ngā rauemi mata, me paunatia tika ngā kai kia rite ki te tauira. Kia ōrite ai te rapa mata me te mea whakaranu, me tukatuka ētahi rauemi:
Me whakangawari te rapa mata i roto i te rūma whakamaroke 60-70 ℃ i mua i te tapahi me te wawahi kia iti;
Me kuru ngā tāpiringa poraka pērā i te paraffin, te waikawa stearic, te rosin, me ētahi atu;
Mena kei roto i te paura he poke ā-mīhini, he matūriki taratara rānei, me tirotirohia, me tangohia atu hoki;
Ko ngā tāpiringa wai (te tāra paina, te kūmarōne) me whakamahana, me whakarewa, me mimiti te wai, me tātari i ngā paru;
Me whakamaroke te mea whakaranu, ki te kore ka piri ngāwari, ā, e kore e taea te horapa ōrite i te wā e whakaranua ana, ka puta he mirumiru i te wā e whakamomona ana, ā, ka pā ki te kounga o te hua;
3. Te Whakamahinga
He pīwariwari te rapa mata, ā, kāore i a ia ngā āhuatanga e tika ana (te kirihou) mō te tukatuka, e uaua ai te tukatuka. Hei whakapai ake i tōna kirihou, me whakamahine te rapa mata; Mā tēnei, ka ngāwari te horapa ōrite o te kai whakaranu ki roto i te rapa mata i te wā e whakaranu ana; I taua wā anō, i te wā e hurihuri ana, e hanga ana hoki, ka āwhina i te whakapai ake i te urunga o te rauemi rapa (e uru ana ki roto i te papanga muka) me te rere o te hanga. Ko te tukanga o te whakaheke i ngā ngota mekameka roa o te rapa mata hei hanga kirihou ka kiia ko te kirihou. E rua ngā tikanga mō te whakamahine i te rapa mata: te whakamahine ā-ringa me te whakamahine wera. Ko te kirihou ā-ringa ko te tukanga o te whakaiti i te whakahekenga o ngā ngota mekameka roa o te rapa me te huri i a rātou mai i te āhua pīwariwari ki te āhua kirihou mā te whakaputanga ā-ringa me te waku o te mīhini kirihou i ngā pāmahana iti. Ko te whakamahine kirihou wera ko te tukanga o te whakauru i te hau wera kua pēhia ki roto i te rapa mata, e, i raro i te mahi a te wera me te hāora, ka whakaheke me te whakapoto i ngā ngota mekameka roa, ā, ka whiwhi i te kirihou.
4. Whakaranu
Hei urutau ki ngā āhuatanga whakamahinga rerekē, hei whakatutuki i ngā mahi rerekē, hei whakapai ake i te mahi a ngā hua rapa me te whakaiti i ngā utu, me tāpiri he rerekē ngā tāpiringa ki te rapa mata. Ko te whakaranu he tukanga whakaranu i te rapa mata kua whakakikoruatia ki te matū whakaranu, ā, ka whakanohoia ki roto i te mīhini whakaranu rapa. Mā te whakaranu ā-ringa, ka horapa katoatia te matū whakaranu ki roto i te rapa mata. He tukanga nui te whakaranu i roto i te hanga hua rapa. Ki te kore e ōrite te whakaranu, kāore e taea te whakamahi katoa i te mahi a te rapa me ngā tāpiringa, ka pā ki te mahi a te hua. Ko te rauemi rapa i whiwhihia i muri i te whakaranu, e mōhiotia ana ko te rapa whakaranu, he rauemi haurua-oti e whakamahia ana hei hanga i ngā momo hua rapa, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te rauemi rapa. He mea hoko noa iho hei taonga hokohoko, ā, ka taea e ngā kaihoko te tukatuka tika me te whakamomona i te rauemi rapa hei whakaputa i ngā hua rapa e hiahiatia ana. E ai ki ngā momo tātai, he maha ngā momo me ngā momo rerekē o te rapa whakaranu me ngā āhuatanga rerekē, e whakarato ana i ngā kōwhiringa.
5. Te Hanga
I roto i te tukanga whakaputa hua rapa, ko te whakamahinga o te mīhini hurihuri, te mīhini whakaputa rānei hei hanga i ngā āhua me ngā rahi rerekē ka kiia he whakakōpikopiko. Ko ngā tikanga hanga ko:
He pai te hanga hurihuri mō te hanga i ngā hua pepa me ngā hua pereti māmā. He tikanga tēnei mō te pēhi i te rapa whakaranu ki roto i tētahi āhua me te rahi o te kiriata mā roto i tētahi mīhini hurihuri, e kiia nei ko te hanga hurihuri. Ko ētahi hua rapa (pērā i ngā potae, ngā rīpene, ngā ngongo, me ētahi atu) e whakamahi ana i ngā rauemi muka kakahu me pania ki tētahi paparanga angiangi o te piripiri (e mōhiotia ana ko te piripiri, te muru rānei i ngā muka), ā, ko te tukanga paninga ka oti i runga i tētahi mīhini hurihuri. Me whakamaroke, me whakakī hoki ngā rauemi muka i mua i te hurihuri. Ko te kaupapa o te whakamaroke he whakaiti i te nui o te makuku o te rauemi muka (kia kore ai e mimiti me te pahuka) me te whakapai ake.
Wā tuku: Hanuere-09-2024
